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- <text id=94TT0627>
- <title>
- May 16, 1994: Society:Dollars for Deeds
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- May 16, 1994 "There are no devils...":Rwanda
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SOCIETY, Page 51
- Dollars for Deeds
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> How do you keep teens from getting pregnant or motivate students
- to make the grade? Offer them cash.
- </p>
- <p>By Christine Gorman--Reported by Ann Blackman/New York and Sharon E. Epperson/Kingston,
- with other bureaus
- </p>
- <p> Each time Lisa Jones arrived at an East Baltimore, Maryland,
- health clinic for a pregnancy checkup last year, the 19-year-old
- was given a yellow voucher worth $10. After 10 visits, in which
- she improved her diet and learned how to care for an infant,
- she gave birth to a healthy baby daughter. "There are a lot
- of girls out there who are naive," Jones says. "The vouchers
- are a good way to get them to come in."
- </p>
- <p> As a straight-A student, 17-year-old Luke O'Neil gets a 10%
- discount at his high school store in Kingston, Massachusetts,
- and free admission to all class dances and athletic events.
- This summer his marks will fetch him discounts and freebies
- at local pizza parlors and candy stores.
- </p>
- <p> Planned Parenthood of Leadville, Colorado, pays teenage girls
- $1 for each day they avoid getting pregnant. The girls, who
- show up at a school office every week to attest that they are
- not expecting a child and that if they have had sex, they used
- contraceptives, often stick around to eat Doritos and talk with
- counselors about their lives.
- </p>
- <p> In Norman Rockwell's America, good behavior was its own reward.
- Accepting cash for performing a civic duty or taking care of
- one's own health would have been embarrassing, if not downright
- degenerate. But that is exactly the approach that is being championed
- by a growing number of people desperate to reverse some of the
- social trends of the past 20 years.
- </p>
- <p> Taking a lesson from the business world, they have discovered
- the power of incentives. Critics call it bribery. But proponents
- argue that they are only being realistic. In many cities and
- suburbs, a culture of violence and drugs has crushed young people's
- hope for life's rewards. Hundreds of thousands of students drop
- out of high school. Many young girls find their only source
- of self-esteem in motherhood. "We can pierce the disillusionment
- a lot of kids have by providing clear, concrete incentives,"
- says Michael Carrera, an adolescent-sexuality expert in New
- York City. "Maybe our means wouldn't have to be so dramatic
- if this were the 1940s or 1950s. But this is the 1990s, and
- we have to be daring."
- </p>
- <p> Even the middle class seems to need an extra nudge to do the
- right thing these days. For years corporations have helped meet
- blood shortages by rewarding employees who roll up their sleeves
- with extra time off. At least one church has resorted to such
- techniques. In April, after the Frederick Christian Fellowship
- Church in Maryland offered newcomers a $10 bill for attending
- worship services, more than 50 fresh faces appeared in the pews.
- </p>
- <p> Many of the incentive programs operate on a small scale, and
- their track records are difficult to evaluate. The main purpose
- is to help people who have become so financially strapped or
- dysfunctional that most of their energy is focused on bare-bones
- survival. "Unless a particular health problem is at the top
- of their list, the poor will not give it attention," says Dr.
- William Pawluk, of the Prudential Health Care Plan, which spends
- $6,000 each month to ensure that its pregnant Medicaid patients
- in Baltimore keep their appointments. "If you give them $10,
- they can afford the transportation to get the care or pay for
- a baby-sitter to stay with other children."
- </p>
- <p> At their best, the perks help fight apathy, especially among
- the young. Under the incentive plans inspired by the Jostens
- Renaissance program of Minneapolis, Minnesota, some schools
- bestow "gold" cards for straight A's and "red" cards for A's
- and B's. Students who fail to make the honor roll but manage
- to show progress receive a VIP card, which recognizes them as
- a Very Improved Person. At some schools the cards entitle students
- to on-campus perks. "For those kids who get positive support
- at home, it's just the frosting on the cake," says Leo Egan,
- an English-department coordinator at Silver Lake Regional High
- in Kingston. "For those who don't, it's the main meal."
- </p>
- <p> At their worst, however, rewards could backfire by ending up
- fostering an atmosphere in which people refuse to do anything
- for free. Erika Taylor, 18, took advantage of an Ohio welfare
- program that pays teen mothers a bonus of $62 a month if they
- attend school regularly until graduation, but she concedes that
- "people I know are just after the extra money." Perhaps that
- is why the program also includes tough penalties for slackers.
- Mothers who skip school or drop out find their welfare checks
- reduced $62 a month. Over the past few years, as the Ohio program
- has proved its effectiveness in keeping young mothers in school,
- the sanctions have become more controversial than the bonuses
- ever were.
- </p>
- <p> The bonuses may not bring lasting improvements unless the underlying
- structure of a program is sound. "If you've got a lousy education
- system and you think students are going to learn because you
- give them so much for an A or a B, then you're barking up the
- wrong tree," notes Andrew Hahn, an associate dean at Brandeis
- University. But the recognition and attention that prizes, honors
- and cash may bring can sometimes spur the indifferent toward
- greater achievement.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-